Chapter 8 provides a comparative analysis of 48 graduation, livelihood, and cash transfer programs. Using income and consumption as the primary metrics of impact and focusing on long-term outcomes, the author assesses the sustainability of impact of these programs and compares both costs and impacts across the three types of approaches.

This chapter aims to provide an overview of the role of social protection in improving child well-being and care in Africa by considering progress made and gaps to be addressed. First, it reflects on coverage, highlighting the rapid expansion of social protection and reflecting on undercoverage among particular groups of children. Second, it provides an overview of the impact of social protection on children, considering direct and indirect income effects, psychosocial and behavioral effects, and structural constraints.

The chapter is centered on assessing the impact of WFP’s food assistance on the food security and nutrition outcomes of rural households in the Mopti region of Mali. In our assessment, we relied on data from a unique precrisis baseline to design a longitudinal, quasi-experimental study based on two survey rounds executed five years apart. Data were collected from 66 communities randomly selected from within food-insecure districts.

Building on the existing literature, this chapter synthesizes the key findings of the From Protection to Production (PtoP) project of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), which studies the impact of SCT (social cash transfer) programs on household economic decision making. The cash transfer programs studied here are government-run cash transfer programs in SSA.

This chapter investigates the conceptual and empirical linkages between social grants and agricultural entrepreneurship among rural households in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Understanding the theoretical and empirical relationship between social transfers and smallholder entrepreneurship can enable policy makers to improve the design of rural development policy interventions and create synergies between cash transfers and poverty reduction by promoting enhanced agricultural productivity and production.

In this chapter, critical lessons and insights regarding the effects of social protection on agriculture are drawn from an assessment of the benefits and challenges of linking social protection with agriculture using the experiences of and empirical findings from the Ethiopian Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP)—the second-largest social protection program in Africa.

This chapter analyzes how the interplay of agriculture and social protection programs and policies and their coordinated implementation can create positive synergies that accelerate progress in reducing rural poverty, eliminating hunger, and building resilience and improved well-being, especially for small family farmers.

The 2017–2018 Annual Trends and Outlook Report (ATOR) takes an in-depth look at social protection in rural Africa. First, it summarizes the available evidence on successful implementation of social protection programs in rural Africa. Second, the report helps to fill knowledge gaps related to enhancing the role of social protection in reducing vulnerability and increasing resilience of rural households as Africa embarks on the implementation of the Malabo Declaration commitments and the African Union’s Agenda 2063.

In 2003, the African Union Assembly of Heads of State and Government adopted the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), an agriculture-led integrated development framework to boost African Agriculture with the aim to accelerate growth and eliminate poverty and hunger in African countries. CAADP was adopted in all ECOWAS Member Countries, that all developed and implemented a National Agriculture and Food Security Investment Plan (NAFSIP).